class Cents
{
 private:
    int m_nCents;  

 public:  

     Cents(int nCents) { m_nCents = nCents; }
     int GetCents(Cents obj) { obj.m_nCents =10;}  

 };
int main()
{
  Cents c1,c2;
   c1.GetCents(c2);
}

If you consider the function GetCents, am accessing the private variable of technically a different object namely obj. Why am I allowed to do this? Does not this override the quality that the private member of a class cannot be accessed by outside code?

Regards,
Smitha

If you’re using the same expression in anonymous values repeatedly, it should probably be a named variable instead. For example, if you’re passing strlen(szName) into the value of 3 different functions, capture it in a named variable and use that three times, instead.

This way, strlen(szName) doesn’t have to be calculated three times. It also makes the code more compact and thus more readable.

declares an object cCentsSum of type Cents and then initialises it, all on one line. It could have been split into two commands:-

Cents cCentsSum;
cCentsSum = Add(cCents1, cCents2);

The Add function returns an object of type Cents so this initialisation is valid. Note that the Add function is not a member of the class cents, it’s defined outside the class, so is a “normal” function. It’s ok to use functions or expressions as initialisation values, we are not restricted to literals.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

void print(const string & mess) {

     cout << mess << endl;

}

int main() {

     print( "Hello world" );

     // or

     print( string( "Hello world" ) + "?" );

     return 0;

}

Cents cCentsSum = Add(cCents1, cCents2);

Shouldn’t it be like:

Cents cCentsSum(Add(cCents1, cCents2));

I really want to know how things like this work.

int main()
{
  std::cout << "I have " << Add(Cents(6), Cents(8)).GetCents() << " cents." << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

Cents Add(Cents &c1, Cents &c2)
{
    //here
    return Cents(c1.GetCents() + c2.GetCents());
}

I beg to differ:

int main()
{
    int const & a = (2 + 2);
    std::cout << a;
}

i can’t understand why c1 and c2 are passed by reference ??!!