When you write your programs, the compiler will check to ensure you’ve followed the rules of the C++ language (assuming you’ve turned off compiler extensions, as per lesson 0.10 -- Configuring your compiler: Compiler extensions).
If you have done something that definitively violates the rules of the language, during compilation the compiler will emit an error, providing both line number containing the error, and some text about what was expected vs what was found. The actual error may be on that line, or on a preceding line. Once you’ve identified and fixed the erroneous line(s) of code, you can try compiling again.
In other cases, the compiler may find code that seems like it might be in error, but the compiler can’t be sure (remember the motto: “trust the programmer”). In such cases, the compiler may opt to issue a warning. Warnings do not halt compilation, but are notices to the programmer that something seems amiss.
Best practice
Don’t let warnings pile up. Resolve them as you encounter them (as if they were errors).
In most cases, warnings can be resolved either by fixing the error the warning is pointing out, or by rewriting the line of code generating the warning in such a way that the warning is no longer generated.
In rare cases, it may be necessary to explicitly tell the compiler to not generate a particular warning for the line of code in question. C++ does not support an official way to do this, but many individual compilers (including Visual Studio and GCC) offer solutions (via non-portable #pragma directives) to temporarily disable warnings.
By default, most compilers will only generate warnings about the most obvious issues. However, you can request your compiler be more assertive about providing warnings for things it finds strange.
Best practice
Turn your warning levels up to the maximum, especially while you are learning. It will help you identify possible issues.
Increasing your warning levels
For Visual Studio users
To increase your warning levels, right click on your project name in the Solution Explorer window, then choose Properties:
From the Project dialog, first make sure the Configuration field is set to All Configurations.
Then select C/C++ > General tab and set Warning level to Level4 (/W4):
Note: Do not choose EnableAllWarnings (/Wall) or you will be buried in warnings generated by the C++ standard library.
For Code::Blocks users
From Settings menu > Compiler >Compiler settings tab, find and check the options that correlate with -Wall, -Weffc++, and -Wextra:
Then go to the Other compiler options tab, and add -Wsign-conversion to the text edit area:
Note: The -Werror parameter is explained below.
For GCC/G++ users
Add the following flags to your command line: -Wall -Weffc++ -Wextra -Wsign-conversion
Treat warnings as errors
It is also possible to tell your compiler to treat all warnings as if they were errors (in which case, the compiler will halt compilation if it finds any warnings). This is a good way to enforce the recommendation that you should fix all warnings (if you lack self-discipline, which most of us do).
For Visual Studio users
To treat warnings as errors, right click on your project name in the Solution Explorer window, then choose Properties:
From the Project dialog, first make sure the Configuration field is set to All Configurations.
Then select C/C++ > General tab and set Treat Warnings As Errors to Yes (/WX).
For Code::Blocks users
From Settings menu > Compiler > Other compiler options tab, add -Werror to the text edit area:
For GCC/G++ users
Add the following flag to your command line: -Werror
 1.1 -- Structure of a program |
 Index |
 0.10 -- Configuring your compiler: Compiler extensions |
Hi,
enabling all warnings (/Wall) in VS 2017 15.8.5 will throw hundreds of MSVC-warnings that are turned off by default. See:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/preprocessor/compiler-warnings-that-are-off-by-default?view=vs-2017
here it says: "The C runtime libraries and the C++ standard libraries are intended to emit no warnings only at warning level /W4."
Greets
I appreciate the warning (ha ha). I've updated the article accordingly. Thank you much!
Shouldn't the flag for "treat warnings as errors" to be -Werror? The -Wfatal-errors flag means to stop the compilation once an error occur. Ref: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.8.0/gcc/Warning-Options.html#Warning-Options
Yep, the screenshot of codeblocks is also showing the wrong entry.
Text and picture updated. Thanks for pointing out the error!
Hello! I may have found a typo, and wanted to point it out in case it was a mistake. When you said "you can request your compiler be more assertive about providing warnings about for things it finds strange", I think you might have accidentally put 'about' a second time.
No may about it, definitely a typo. Again, thanks for pointing all of these out.
My pleasure! I'm glad I could help. I worded it in a subjective way to make sure I wasn't possibly just misinterpreting something and falsely pointing it out, especially since I'm not entirely familiar with the field yet. That's what I'm here to change, though!
Any tut for the following:
Add the following flag to your command line: -Wfatal-errors
No, but basically just do this:
gcc main.cpp -o outputfile -Wfatal-errors
Thank you 🙂
*g++