Inserting Inserting characters into an existing string can be done via the insert() function. Here’s a crazy version of insert() that allows you to insert a substring into a string at an arbitrary index: There is a flavor of insert() that inserts the first portion of a C-style string: There’s …
Appending Appending strings to the end of an existing string is easy using either operator+=, append(), or push_back(). There’s also a flavor of append() that can append a substring: Operator+= and append() also have versions that work on C-style strings: There is an additional flavor of append() that works on …
String assignment The easiest way to assign a value to a string is to use the overloaded operator= function. There is also an assign() member function that duplicates some of this functionality. The assign() member function also comes in a few other flavors: Swapping If you have two strings and …
In the previous lesson , we introduced the concept of random number generation, and discussed how PRNG algorithms are typically used to simulate randomness in programs. In this lesson, we’ll take a look at how to generate random numbers in your programs. To access any of the randomization capabilities in …
As with almost everything that has benefits, there are some potential downsides to exceptions as well. This article is not meant to be comprehensive, but just to point out some of the major issues that should be considered when using exceptions (or deciding whether to use them). Cleaning up resources …
Exceptions and member functions Up to this point in the tutorial, you’ve only seen exceptions used in non-member functions. However, exceptions are equally useful in member functions, and even more so in overloaded operators. Consider the following overloaded [] operator as part of a simple integer array class: int& IntArray::operator[](const …
By now, you should have a reasonable idea of how exceptions work. In this lesson, we’ll cover a few more interesting exception cases. Uncaught exceptions When a function throws an exception that it does not handle itself, it is making the assumption that a function somewhere down the call stack …
In the previous lesson on , we explained how throw, try, and catch work together to enable exception handling. In this lesson, we’ll talk about how exception handling interacts with functions. Throwing exceptions from a called function In the prior lesson, we noted, “a try block detects any exceptions that …
In the previous lesson on the need for exceptions, we talked about how using return codes causes your control flow and error flow to be intermingled, constraining both. Exceptions in C++ are implemented using three keywords that work in conjunction with each other: throw, try, and catch. Throwing exceptions We …
In the previous lesson on handling errors, we talked about ways to use assert(), std::cerr, and exit() to handle errors. However, we deferred one further topic that we will now cover: exceptions. When return codes fail When writing reusable code, error handling is a necessity. One of the most common …
