Learn C++ Site Index

This index is still under construction. Chapters have been indexed up to lesson: 24

Items in the standard library (e.g. std::cout) are indexed without the std:: prefix.
If you find any errors, please report them here.

- 0 -

0, 1, 2 Test, 9.2

- A -

ASCII, 4.11

Code, 4.11
Code point, 4.11
Table of codes, 4.11

Abort, 8.12
Access controls, 14.5
Access function, see Function, Access
Access level, 14.5
Access specifier, 14.5

Private, 14.5
Protected, 24.5
Public, 14.5

Actual parameter, see Function, Argument
Address, see Memory, Address
Aggregate, see Type, Aggregate
Aggregate class, 23.3
Aggregation, 23.3
Algorithm, 8.13, 18.3, 21.4

Last In, First Out (LIFO), 16.11

Alias template, see Template, Alias
Anonymous object, see Object, Anonymous
Application, 0.2
Argc, 20.4
Argument, see Function, Argument
Argv, 20.4
Array (C-style), 17.7

Aggregate initialization, 17.7
Column-major order, 17.12
Const, 17.7
Constexpr, 17.7
Decay into pointer, 17.8
Declaration Syntax, 17.7
Dynamic, 17.7, 19.2, 19.4
Fixed, 17.7
Indexing, 17.7
Length, 17.7
Multidimensional, 17.12, 19.4
Omitted length, 17.7
Range, 17.7
Row-major order, 17.12
Size, 17.7
Sizeof, 17.7
Sorting, 18.1
Ssize, 17.7
Subscripting, 17.7

Array (general), 16.1

Also see Container
Bounds checking, 16.2
Contiguous, 16.1
Dimension, 17.12
Dynamic, 16.10
Element, see Container, Element
Fixed-length, 16.10
Fixed-size, 16.10
Flattening, 17.13
Index, 16.2
Indexing with enumerators, 16.9
Iteration, see Loop, Iteration
Loops, 16.6
Multidimensional, 17.12, 17.13
Off-by-one error, see Off-by-one error
Random access, 16.2
Resizable, 16.10
Subscript, 16.2
Subscript operator, see Operator, Subscript ([])
Zero-based, 16.2

Array (standard library), 17.1

Aggregate initialization, 17.1
Also see Containers (standard library)
At, 17.2
Brace elision, 17.4
Const, 17.1
Constexpr, 17.1
Enumerator indices, 17.6
Get, 17.2
Indexing, 17.1, 17.2
Multidimensional, 17.13
Of class types, 17.4
Of references, 17.5
Passing, 17.3
Returning, 17.3
Size, 17.1, 17.2
Size, 17.1, 17.2
Size_t, 17.2
Ssize, 17.2
Subscripting, 17.1, 17.2
To_array, 17.1

As-if rule, 5.4, 14.15
Assembler, 0.2
Assembly language, see Language, Assembly
Assert, 9.6
Assertion, 9.6
Assignment, see Variable, Assignment
Association, 23.4

Reflexive, 23.4

Atexit, 8.12
Attribute, 8.6

Fallthrough, 8.6

Auto, 10.8

Abbreviated function template, see Template, Abbreviated function template
Duration, see Duration, Automatic
Trailing return syntax, see Function, Trailing return syntax
Type deduction, see Type deduction
Type inference, see Type inference

- B -

Basic types, see Type, Fundamental
Begin, 18.2
Binary, 5.2

Conversion to decimal, O.4
Literal, see Literal, Binary
Numbers, 5.2
Two's complement, O.4

Flags, O.1
Manipulation, O.1, O.3
Masks, O.3
Numbering, O.1
Position, O.1

Bit (binary digit), 0.2, 4.1
Bitset, O.3
Bitwise operators, see Operators, Bitwise
Block, see Compound statement

Inner, 7.1
Nested, 7.1
Outer, 7.1

Boolean, 4.9

Bool, 4.9

Bottom up, 2.13
Branch coverage, see Coverage, Branch
Branching, 8.1
Break, 8.5, 8.11, 8.6
Buffer, 9.5
Bug, 0.4
Build, 0.5
Build configuration, 0.9

Debug, 0.9
Release, 0.9
Switching, 0.9

Build target, see Build configuration
Building, 0.5
Built-in types, see Type, Fundamental
Byte, 4.1

- C -

C language, 0.3
C++ language, 0.3
C-style strings, see String, C-style
Cache, 0.7
Call stack, see Stack
Case label, see Switch, Case label
Casting, see Type conversion, Casting
Casts, see Type conversion, Casts
Cerr, 3.4, 9.4
Char, see Integer, Char
Chrono, 8.14, 18.4
Cin, 1.5

Also see operator<< and std::getline
Ignore, 0.8, 9.5

Class, 14.2

Base, 24.2
Child, 24.2
Const, 14.4
Const member functions, 14.4
Constructor, see Constructor
Container, see Container, Class
Derived, 24.2
Destructor, see Destructor
Enum, 13.6
Friend, 15.8
In header files, 15.2
Instance, 1.3
Instantiation, 1.3
Member, see Member
Parent, 24.2
Sub, 24.2
Super, 24.2
Template, see Template, Class
This pointer, see Pointer, This
Vs struct, 14.5

Class type, 12.1, 13.6, 13.7
Clog, 3.5
Code, see Source Code
Code coverage, see Coverage, code
Command line arguments, 20.4
Comment, 1.2

Multi-line, 1.2
Single-line, 1.2

Commenting out code, 1.2
Comparisons, see Operators, Comparison
Compile-time, 1.3, 5.5
Compiler, 0.2, 0.5

Common problems, 0.8
Compiling, 0.7
Error, 0.11
Extensions, 0.10
Multiple files, 2.8
Warning, 0.11
Web-based, 0.6

Composite type, see Type, Composite
Composition, 23.2
Compound statement, 4.10, 7.1
Compound type, see Type, Compound
Conditional (expression), 4.10, 8.2
Conditional compilation, see Preprocessor, Conditional compilation
Conditional operator, see Operators, Conditional (?:)
Console, 0.7
Console project, 0.7
Const, see Constants, Const
Constant, 5.1, 7.10, 5.5

Class, see Class, Const
Compile-time, 5.5
Const variable, see Variable, Const
Consteval function, see Function, Consteval
Constexpr function, see Function, Constexpr
Constexpr variable, see Variable, Constexpr
Expression, see Expression, Constant
Folding, 5.6
Low-level, 12.14
Member function, see Member, Const function
Reference, see Reference, Const
Runtime, 5.5
Symbolic constant, 5.1, 7.10
Top-level, 12.14

Constexpr, see Constants, Constexpr
Constexpr if, see If, Constexpr
Constraints, 3.10, 9.6
Constructor, 14.9

Chaining, 14.12
Converting, 14.16
Copy, 14.14
Default, 14.11
Default arguments, 14.11, 14.12
Delegating, 14.12
Implicit copy, 14.14
Implicit default, 14.11
List, 16.2
Member initializer list, see Member, Initializer list
None, 14.9
Overlapping, 14.12
Overloaded, 14.11

Container (general), 16.1, 23.6

Class, 16.1, 23.6
Count, 16.1
Elements, 16.1
Heterogenous, 16.1
Homogenous, 16.1
Length, 16.1
Reference, 23.6
Size, 16.1
Value, 23.6

Containers (standard library), 16.1

Sign challenges, 16.3, 16.7
size_type, 16.3

Continue, 8.11
Control flow, see Statement, Control flow
Conversion, see Type conversion
Copy

Assignment, see Variable, Copy assignment
Constructor, see Constructor, copy
Deep, 21.13
Elision, 14.14
Initialization, see Initialization, Copy initialization
Preventing, 14.14
Semantics, 16.4
Shallow, 21.13

Cout, 1.5

Char pointers, 17.11
Disable buffering, 3.6
Int8_t and uint8_t, 4.6

Coverage, 9.2

Branch, 9.2
Code, 9.2
Statement, 9.2

- D -

DRY (Don't repeat yourself), 2.2
Data, 1.3

Abstraction, 14.8
Hiding, 14.8
Type, see Type
Value, see Value

Data structure, 20.2
Data types, see Type
De Morgan's laws, 6.8
Debug, 0.4
Debugger, 3.6

Breakpoint, 3.7
Call stack, 3.9
Continue, 3.7
Integrated, 3.6
Jump, 3.7
Run to cursor, 3.7
Set next, 3.7
Start, 3.7
Stepping, Step into, Step over, Step out, 3.6
Watch, 3.8

Debugging

Code inspection, 3.3
Commenting out code, 3.4
Conditionalizing code, 3.5
Printing values, 3.4
Process, 3.2
Reproduction steps, 3.2
Validating flow, 3.4

Decimal numbers, see Literal, Decimal

Conversion to binary, O.4

Declaration, 2.7

Forward declaration, 2.7, 7.7
Pure, 2.7
Variable, 1.3
vs definition, 2.7

Decltype, 16.7
Default

Argument, 11.5, 15.2
Label, see Switch, Default label
Parameter, see Function, Default parameter
Specifer, 11.4

Defensive programming, 3.10, 9.4
Definition, 1.3, 2.7

One definition rule (ODR), 2.7, 7.9, 15.2
Type, see Type, Definition
vs declaration, 2.7

Delete

Function, 14.16
Operator, see Operators, Delete
Specifier, 11.4

Dependency, 23.5
Derivation, see Inheritance
Destructor, 15.4, 19.3

Development steps, 0.4
Diagnostic, 0.11

Error, 0.11
Warning, 0.11

Directive, see Preprocessor, Directive
Division,

By zero, 6.2
Floating ooint, see Floating point, Division
Integer, see Integer, Division

Do while, 8.9
Duration, see Storage duration
Dynamic allocation, 19.1

Delete, see Operators, Delete
Delete[], see Operators, Delete[]
New, see Operators, New

- E -

Ellipses (...), 20.5
Else, 4.10, 8.2, 8.3

Dangling else, 8.3

Encapsulation, 14.8
End, 18.2
Endl, 1.5

vs , 1.5

Enum, see Enumerations
Enumerations, 13.2

Base, 13.3
Enum classes, 13.6
Enumerators, see Enumerators
Iterating, 17.6
Printing, 13.3, 17.6
Scoped, 13.6
Size, 13.3
Underlying type, 13.3
Unscoped, 13.2
Using, 13.6

Enumerators, 13.2

Array indices, 16.9, 17.6
Count, 13.3

Error, 0.11

Diagnostic, see Diagnostic, Error
Fatal, 9.4
Handling, 9.4
Logic, 3.1, 9.4
Non-recoverable, 9.4
Semantic, 3.1, 9.4, 9.3
Syntax, 1.1, 3.1, 9.4
Violated assumption, 9.4

Escape sequence, 4.11
Evaluation

Expression, see Expression, Evaluation
Operands, 6.1
Order of, 6.1

Evil

Global variables, see Variable, Global
Unsigned integers, see Integer, Unsigned

Execute, see Run
Execution path, see Path, Execution
Exit, 8.12, 9.4
Exit code, see Return values, Status code
Explicit

Constructor, 14.16
This, 21.9

Explicit, 14.16, 10.4
Exponent, see Operator, Exponent
Expression, 1.10

Compound, 1.10
Constant, 5.5
Evaluation, 1.10, 6.1
Full, 1.10
Omitted, 8.10
Result, 1.10
Statement, 1.10
Subexpression, 1.10
Type, 12.2
Value category, 12.2

Extern, 7.7

- F -

False, 4.9
Flag, O.1
Floating point, 4.8

Division, 6.2
Double, 4.8
Float, 4.8
Inf, 4.8
Long double, 4.8
NaN, 4.8
Precision, 4.5, 4.8
Range, 4.8
Rounding errors, 4.8
Significant digits, 4.5, 4.8
Sizes, 4.8

Flow control, see Statement, Flow control
For, 8.10, 16.8
For-each loop, see Loop, For-each
Formal parameter, see Function, Parameter
Formatting, 1.8
Friend

Class, see Class, Friend
Declaration, 15.8
Function, see Function, Friend
Member function, see Member, Friend function
Non-member function, see Function, Friend

Function, 1.1, 2.1

Access, 14.6
Accessor, 14.6
Ambiguous match, 11.3
Argument, 2.4
Argument order of evaluation, 2.4
Body, 2.1, 2.7
Call, 2.1
Callback, 20.1
Called/Callee/Caller, 2.1
Chaining, 15.1
Consteval, F.3
Constexpr, F.1, F.2, F.3, F.4
Default parameter, 11.5, 20.1
Free, 14.3
Friend, 15.8
Getter, 14.6
Header, 2.1
Identifier, see Identifier
Inline, 7.9
Instance, see Template, Function instance
Invocation, 2.1
Invoke, 2.1
Main, 1.1, 2.2
Member, see Member, Function
Mutator, 14.6
Name mangling, 11.2
Naming, 1.7
Non-member, 14.3
Object, see Functor
Optional parameter, 12.11, 11.5
Overload differentiation, 11.1, 11.2
Overload resolution, 11.1, 11.3
Overloading, 11.1
Parameter, 2.4
Pass by address, 12.10, 12.11, 17.8
Pass by reference, 12.5, 12.10, 12.11
Pass by value, 2.4
Pointer, 20.1
Prototype, 2.7
Pure, F.4
Recursive, see Recursion, Recursive function
Return, 2.1
Return by address, see Return values, Return by address
Return by reference, see Return values, Return by reference
Return by value, see Return values, Return by value
Return values, see Return values
Setter, 14.6
Signature, 11.2
Template, see Template, Function template
Trailing return syntax, 10.9
Unnamed parameter, 2.4
Unreferenced parameter, 2.4
User-defined, 2.1
Uses of, 2.6
Value parameter, 2.4

Function (standard library), 20.1
Functor, 21.10

- G -

Getline, 5.7
Global

Variable, see Variable, Global

Goto, 8.1, 8.7

Statement label, 8.7

Greater, 18.3

- H -

Halt, 8.12
Hardware, 0.2
Header files, 2.11
Header guard, 2.12
Heap (memory), 19.1, 20.2
Hello, world!, 0.7
Hexadecimal, see Literal, Hexadecimal
High level language, 0.2
Hungarian notation, 7.4

- I -

IDE, see Integrated desktop environment (IDE)
IO manipulators

Input manipulators, 5.7
Output manipulators, 4.8

Identifier, 1.1, 1.7

Qualified, 2.9

Constexpr, 8.4
Statement, 4.10, 8.2, 8.3

Implementation, 14.8
Implementation (compiler), 1.6
Implicit object, see Object, Implicit
Include, see Preprocessor, Include
Include guard, 2.12
Incomplete type, see Type, Incomplete
Indentation, 1.8
Information hiding, 14.8
Inheritance, 24.1, 24.2

Adding functionality to a derived class, 24.6
Adding to existing base class functionality, 24.7
Calling base class function, 24.7
Changing an inherited member’s access level, 24.8
Diamond problem, 24.9, 25.8
Hiding functionality, 24.8
Initialization of subclasses, 24.4
Multiple, 24.9
Order of construction, 24.3
Private, 24.5
Protected, 24.5
Public, 24.5
Redefining behaviors in a derived class, 24.7

Initialization, 1.3, 1.4

Aggregate initialization, 13.8
Brace initialization, 1.4
Constant initialization, 7.8
Copy-initialization, 1.4
Copy-list-initialization, 1.4
Default initialization, 1.4
Default member initialization, 13.9
Designated initializers, 13.8
Direct-initialization, 1.4
Direct-list-initialization, 1.4
Dynamic initialization, 7.8
List-initialization, 1.4, 16.2, 11.2
Memberwise initialization, 13.8
Non-static member initialization, 13.9
Reference initialization, 12.3
Static initialization, 7.8
Static initialization order problem, 7.8
Uniform initialization, 1.4
Value-initialization, 1.4
Zero-initialization, 1.4, 11.2

Initializer_list, 13.8
Initializer_list (standard library), 23.7
Inline function, see Function, Inline
Inline variable, see Variable, Inline
Input validation, 9.5
Instantiation, see Variable, Instantiation
Instruction set, 0.2
Integer, 1.3, 4.4, 4.5

Avoiding unsigned, 4.5
Char, 4.11
Division, 4.4, 6.2
Fixed-width, 4.6
Int, 4.4
Int8_t and uint8_t may behave like chars, 4.6
Long, 4.4
Long long, 4.4
Modulo wrapping, 4.5
Overflow, 4.4
Short, 4.4
Sign, 4.4
Signed, 4.4
Sizes, 4.4
Unsigned, 4.5
char16_t and char32_t, 4.11
wchar_t, 4.11

Integrated desktop environment (IDE), 0.6

Adding files, 2.8
Installing, 0.6
Projects, 0.7
Solutions, 0.7
Workspaces, 0.7

Integration testing, 9.1
Interface, 14.8

Public, 14.8

Interpreter, 0.2
Invariant, 9.6, 14.2
Iostream, 1.5
Iteration, see Loop, Iteration
Iterator, 18.2, 21.3

- J -

Jump, 8.1

- K -

K&R, 0.3
Keywords, 1.7

- L -

Labels

Case label, see Switch, Case label
Default label, see Switch, Default label
Statement label, see Goto, Statement label

Lambda, 20.6, 20.7
Language

Assembly, 0.2
C, 0.3
C++, 0.3
High level, 0.2

Library, 0.5

C++ standard, 0.5

Linkage, 7.4

External, 7.7
Internal, 7.6
None, 7.3
Summary, 7.12

Linker, 0.5
Linting, see Static analysis tools
List Constructor, see Constructor, List
List Initialization, see Initialization, List
Literals, 1.9, 5.2

Binary, 5.3
Constant, 5.2
Decimal, 5.3
Hexadecimal, 5.3
Octal, 5.3
String, 5.7
String_view, 5.8, 5.9
Suffixes, 5.2

Local variable, see Variable, local
Log file, 3.5
Logging, 3.5
Loop, 8.1

Counter, 8.8
Do while, see Do while
For, see For
For-each, 16.8
Infinite, 8.8
Iteration, 8.8, 16.6
Loop scope, 8.10
Loop variable, 8.8
Nested, 8.8, 18.1
Range-based for, 16.8
While, see While

Lvalue, 12.2

Conversion to rvalue, 12.2
Modifiable, 12.2
Non-modifiable, 12.2

- M -

Machine code, 0.2
Machine language, 0.2
Macro, see Preprocessor, Macro
Magic number, 5.2
Main, see Function, Main
Main function, see Function, Main
Makefile, 0.5
Mdarray, 17.13
Mdspan, 17.13
Member, 13.7, 14.3

Const function, 14.4
Const function overload, 14.4
Friend function, 15.8
Function, 5.7, 14.3
Initializer list, 14.10
Non-static member initialization, 13.7
Static function, 15.7
Static variable, 15.6
Type, 15.3

Memory

Address, 4.1
Leak, 19.1

Method, see Member, Function
Move semantics, 16.4
[[Maybe_unused]], 1.4

- N -

NDebug, 9.6
Name, see Identifier
Name

Dependent, 12.11
Hiding, see Variable, Shadowing

Namespace, 2.9, 7.2

Alias, 7.2
Anonymous, 7.14
Global, 2.9, 7.2
Inline, 7.14
Nested, 7.2
Scope, see Scope, Namespace
Std, 2.9
Unnamed, 7.14
User-defined, 7.2

Naming collision, 2.9, 7.2
Naming conflict, see Naming collision
Nesting depth, 7.1
Nesting level, 7.1
Newline ( ), 4.11, 1.5
Non-static member initialization, see Member, Non-static member initialization
Null, 12.8

NULL macro, 12.11
Pointer, see Pointer, Null pointer
Statement, see Statement, Null statement
Value, 12.8

Nullptr, 12.8
Nullptr_t, 12.11
Numeral system, 5.3

- O -

Object, 1.3

Anonymous, 12.4, 13.10, 14.13
Composition, see Composition
File, 0.5
Identity, 12.2
Implicit, 14.3
Lifetime, 2.5
Object-oriented, 14.1
Temporary, 2.5, 12.4, 14.13
Variable, see Variable

Object-oriented programming, see Programming, object-oriented
Octal, see Literal, Octal
Off-by-one error, 8.10
Operands, 1.9, 6.1
Operation, 1.9, 6.1
Operator Overloading, O.2, 21.1, 21.14

Arithmetic (+, -, *, /), 21.2
Assignment, 21.12
Comparison, 21.7
Decrement (--), 21.8
Equality (==), 21.7
I/O, 21.4
Increment (++), 21.8
Inequality (!=), 21.7
Left shift (<<), 21.4
Minus (+), 21.6
Not, logical (!), 21.6
Parenthesis (()), 21.10
Plus (+), 21.6
Right shift (<<), 21.4
Subscript ([]), 21.9
Typecasts, 21.11
Using a friend function, 21.2
Using a member function, 21.5
Using a normal function, 21.3
When to use a friend, member, or normal function, 21.5

Operators, 1.9, 6.1

Addition (+), 6.2
Address-of (&), 12.7
And, bitwise (&), O.2
And, bitwise assignment (&=), O.2
And, logical (&&), 6.8
Arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %), 6.2
Arithmetic assignment, 6.2
Assignment (=), 1.4
Associativity, 6.1
Binary, 1.9
Bitwise, O.2
Bitwise assignment, O.2
Comma (,), 6.5
Comparison, 6.7
Comparison of floating point values, 6.7
Conditional (?:), 6.6
Decrement (--), 6.4
Delete, 19.1
Delete[], 19.2
Dereference (*), 12.7
Division (/), 6.2
Equality (==), 4.10, 6.7
Exponent, 6.3
Extraction (>>), 1.5
Greater than (>), 6.7
Greater than equals (>), 6.7
Increment (++), 6.4
Indirection (*), 12.7
Inequality (!=), 6.7
Input, see Operators, Extraction
Insertion (<<), 1.5
Left shift (<<), O.2
Left shift assignment (<<=), O.2
Less than (<), 6.7
Less than equals (<=), 6.7
Logical, 6.8
Member selection (.), 13.7, 13.12
Member selection from pointer (->), 13.12
Minus (-), 6.2
Modulus (%), 6.3
Multiplication, 6.2
New, 19.1, 19.2
Not, bitwise (~), O.2
Not, logical (!), 6.8
Or, bitwise (|), O.2
Or, bitwise assignment (|=), O.2
Or, logical (||), 6.8
Output, see Operators, Insertion
Overloading, see Operator Overloading
Parenthesization, 6.1
Plus (+), 6.2
Precedence, 6.1
Prefix vs postfix, 6.4
Relational, 6.7
Right shift (>>), O.2
Right shift assignment (>>=), O.2
Scope resolution (::), 2.9, 7.2
Sizeof, 4.3, 11.2
Subscript ([]), 17.7, 17.9, 17.13
Subtraction (-), 6.2
Ternary, 1.9
Unary, 1.9
Xor, bitwise (^), O.2
Xor, bitwise assignment (^=), O.2

Optimization

As-if rule, see As-if rule
Premature, 2.13

Output, see Operators, Output
Overflow, see Integer, Overflow
Overflow

Array, 9.4
Buffer, 9.4
Integer, see Integer, Overflow

Overloading, see Function, Overloading

- P -

PDF version of website, 0.1
Parameter, see Function, Parameter
Pass by address, see Function, Pass by addrses
Pass by reference, see Function, Pass by reference
Pass by value, see Function, Pass by value
Path

Execution, 8.1
Happy, 9.4
Sad, 9.4

Platform, 0.2
Pointer, 12.7

Address-of operator, see Operators, Address-of (&)
Arithmetic, 17.9
Const, 12.9
Dangling, 12.7, 19.1, 12.12
Dereference operator, see Operators, Dereference (*)
Dereferencing invalid pointers, 12.7
Function, see Function, Pointer
Null pointer, 12.8, 19.1
Pass by address, see Function, Pass by address
Scaling, 17.9
Sizeof, 12.7
This, 15.1
To a pointer, 19.4
To const, 12.9
Void, 19.5
Wild, 12.7

Portability, 0.2
Postcondition, 9.6
Precision, see Floating point, Precision
Precompiled headers, disabling in Visual Studio, 0.7, 0.8
Precondition, 9.6
Prefix (naming)

g_, 7.4
m_, 14.3, 14.5
s_, 7.11

Preprocessor, 2.10

Conditional compilation, 2.10
Directive, 2.10
Ifdef, ifndef, endif, 2.10
Include, 2.10, 2.11
Macro, 2.10
Pragma once, 2.12

Primitive types, see Type, Fundamental
Private, see Access specifier, Private
Program, 0.2

Closes after running, 0.8
Compiling, see Compiler
Multiple files, 2.8
State, 3.6
Straight line, 8.1

Programming, 0.2

Object-oriented, 14.1
Procedural, 14.1

Project, see Integrated desktop environment (IDE), Projects
Public (the), 14.5

- R -

RAII, see Resource acquisition is initialization
Random, 8.14, 8.15

Access, 20.2
Access memory (RAM), 1.3
Iniform distribution, 8.14
Mersenne twister, 8.14
Mt19937, 8.14
Number Distribution, 8.14
PRNG, 8.13
Period, 8.13
Pseudo-random, 8.13
Rand, 8.14
Seed, 8.13
Underseeded, 8.13

Random.h, 8.15
Random_device, 8.14
Range (array), see Array, Range
Range (object), 4.4
Range-based for loop, see Loop, For-each
Recursion, 20.3

Base case, 20.3
Fibonacci, 20.3
Recursive function, 20.3
Recursive termination, 20.3
Vs iteration, 20.3

Ref-qualifier, 15.10
Refactoring, 3.10
Reference, 12.3

Binding, 12.3
Const, 12.4
Dangling, 12.3, 12.12
Lvalue, 12.3
Parameters, see Function, Pass by reference
Pass by, see Function, Pass by reference
Referent, 12.3
Reseating, 12.3
Return by, see Function, Return by reference
Rvalue lifetime extension, 12.4
Shortcuts, 12.3
To const, 12.4
To non-const, 12.3
Variable, 12.3

Reference_wrapper, 17.5, 23.3

Cref, 17.5
Ref, 17.5

Relationship, 23.1

Aggregation, see Aggregation
Association, see Association
Bidirectional, 23.4
Composition, see Composition
Dependency, see Dependency
Unidirectional, 23.2

Resource acquisition is initialization, 19.3
Result, see Expression, Result
Return address, 20.2
Return code, see Return values, Status code
Return statement, 2.2, 2.3

Early return, 4.10, 8.11

Return type, 2.2

Void, see Void, Return type

Return values, 1.9, 2.2, 12.12

From main, 2.2
Return by address, 12.12
Return by reference, 12.12, 14.7
Return by value, 2.2, 12.12
Returning multiple values (by struct), 13.10
Status code, 2.2

Robustness, 9.5
Run, 0.2
Runtime, 1.3, 5.5
Rvalue, 12.2

Lifetime extension by reference, see Reference, R-value lifetime extension

- S -

Scientific notation, 4.7

Exponent, 4.7
Significand, 4.7
also see Floating Point

Scope, 2.5, 2.9, 7.3

Block scope, 7.3
File scope, 7.4
Function scope, 8.7
Global scope, 2.9, 7.4
In scope, 2.5
Local scope, 2.5, 7.3
Namespace scope, 2.9
Out of scope, 2.5
Summary, 7.12

Seed, see Random, Seed
Semantic error, see Error, Semantic
Sentinel value, 9.4, 20.5
Sequential flow, 8.1
Shadowing, see Variable, Shadowing
Short circuit evaluation, 6.8
Side effect, 1.9, 6.4
Signed, see Integer, Signed
Significant digits, see Floating point, Significant digits
Size, 11.2
Size_t, 4.6
Sizeof, see Operator, Sizeof
Software, 0.2

Testing, 9.1
Verification, 9.1

Sort (standard library), 18.1, 17.1
Sorting, 18.1

Bubble Sort, 18.1
Selection Sort, 18.1

Source code, 0.2
Spaghetti code, 8.7
Stack (Call), 19.1, 20.2

Frames, 20.2
Overflow, 20.2
Unwinding, 20.2

Stack (Data Structure), 16.11

Empty, 16.11
Peek, 16.11
Pop, 16.11
Push, 16.11
Size, 16.11
Top, 16.11

Standard library, see Library, C++ standard
State, 8.13

Deterministic, 8.13
Invalid, 14.2
Stateful, 8.13
Stateless, 8.13

Statement, 1.1

Break, see Break
Control flow, 8.1
Coverage, see Coverage, Statement
Do, see Do
Else, see Else
Flow control, 8.1
For, see For
Goto, see Goto
If, see If
Null statement, 8.3
Return, see Return statement
Switch, see Switch
While, see While
see Declaration, Definition, Loops, Assignment, etc...

Static, 7.6, 7.11

Member, see Member, Static function
Member, see Member, Static variable

Static analysis tools, 3.10
Static_assert, 9.6
Static_cast, see Type conversion, Static_cast
Status code, see Return values, Status code
Storage class specifier, 7.6, 7.12
Storage duration, 7.3

Automatic, 7.3
Static, 7.4, 7.11
Summary, 7.12

String, 4.11
String (standard library), 5.7

Constexpr, 5.7
Input, 5.7
Length, 5.7
Literals, see Literals, String
Output, 5.7

String, C-style, 17.10

Also see Array (C-style), 17.10
Declaration syntax, 17.10
Initializing, 17.10
Input, 17.10
Length, 17.10
Literal, 5.2
Modifying, 17.10
Null terminated, 17.10
Null terminator, 17.10
Output, 17.10, 17.11
Overflow, 17.10
Size, 17.10
Ssize, 17.10
Strlen, 17.10
Symbolic constant, 17.11

String_view, 5.8, 5.9
Struct, 13.7

Data members, 13.7
Default member initialization, 13.9
Initialization, see Initialization, Aggregate
Member selection from pointer operator, see Operators, Member selection from pointer (->)
Member selection operator, see Operators, Member selection (.)
Member variables, 13.7
Members, 13.7
Nested structs, 13.10
Non-static member initialization, 13.9
Padding and alignment, 13.10
Size, 13.10
also see Class

Structure, see Struct
Style guide, 1.8
Switch, 8.5

Case label, 8.5
Default label, 8.5
Fallthrough, 8.6

Symbolic constant, see Variable, Symbolic constant
Syntax, 1.1

Error, see Error, Syntax

- T -

Template, 11.6

Abbreviated function template, 11.8
Alias template, 13.15
Argument, 11.7
Argument deduction, 11.7
Class template, 13.13, 15.5
Class template argument deduction (CTAD), 13.14
Deduction guides, 13.14
Explicit specialization, 26.3
Full specialization, 26.3
Function instance, 11.7
Function template, 11.6, 11.7
Function template instantiation, 11.7
Generic programming, 11.7
Generic type, 11.7
Implicit instantiation, 11.7
Injected name, 15.5
Instantiation, 11.7
Partial specialization, 26.3
Primary template, 11.7
Specialization, 11.7, 26.3
Template parameter declaration, 11.6
Template type, 11.6, 11.8

Termination

Abnormal, 8.12
Normal, 8.12
Recursive, see Recursive, Recursive termination

This, see Pointer, This
Timing your code, 18.4
Top down, 2.13
Trailing return syntax, see Function, Trailing return syntax
Transitive include, 2.11
Translation, 2.10
Translation unit, 2.10
True, 4.9
Tuple (standard library), 12.12
Two's complement, see Binary, Two's complement
Type, 1.3, 4.1

Aggregate, 13.8
Composite, 12.1
Compound, 12.1
Definition, 13.1
Distinct, 13.2
Enumerated, see Enumerations
Fundamental, 4.1
Incomplete, 4.2
Member, see Member, Type
Nested, 15.3
Program-defined, 13.1
Range, see Range
Struct, see Struct
Template, see Template, Template type
User-defined, 13.1
Why types matter, O.4

Type alias, 10.7, 13.14
Type conversion, 10.1

Arithmetic conversions, 10.5
Automatic, 10.1
C-style casts, 10.6
Casting, 4.12, 10.6
Casts, 4.12, 10.6
Coercion, 10.1
Constexpr, 10.4
Explicit, 10.6, 10.4
Floating point promotion, 10.2
Function-style cast, 10.6
Implicit, 10.1
Integral promotion, 10.2
Named casts, 10.6
Narrowing conversion, 10.4
Numeric conversion, 10.3
Numeric promotion, 10.2
Safe, 10.2, 10.3
Standard conversions, 10.1
Static_cast, 4.12, 10.6
Trivial conversions, 11.3
Type casting operators, 4.12, 10.6
Unsafe, 10.3
User-defined, 14.16
Usual arithmetic conversions, 10.5
Value-preserving, 10.2

Type deduction, 10.8
Type inference, 10.8
Typedef, 10.7
Typedef name, 10.7
Typeid, 10.5
Typeinfo, 10.5

- U -

Undefined behavior, 1.6
Uninitialized variable, see Variable, Uninitialized
Unit test, 9.1
Unit testing, 9.1, 3.10
Unsigned, see Integer, Unsigned
Using, 7.13

Declaration, 7.13
Directive, 2.9, 7.13
Enum, see Enum, Using

- V -

Value, 1.3
Value computation, 6.1
Variable, 1.3

Assignment, 1.4
Automatic, 7.3
Const, 5.1, 7.10, 5.5
Constant, 5.1, 7.10, 5.5
Constexpr, 5.5, 7.10
Copy assignment, 1.4
External, 7.7
Global, 7.4, 7.8
Identifier, see Identifier
Initialization, 1.4
Inline, 7.10
Instance, 1.3
Instantiation, 1.3
Internal, 7.6
Lifetime, see Object, Lifetime
Local, 2.5, 7.3
Naming, 1.7
Scope, see Scope
Shadowing, 7.5
Static, 7.4, 7.11
Static local, 7.11
Type, see Type
Uninitialized, 1.6

Variable, see Return type, Void
Vector (standard library), 16.2

Also see Containers (standard library)
At, 16.3
Back, 16.11
Capacity, 16.10
Compacting bools, 16.12
Emplace_back, 16.11
Enumerator indices, 16.9
Indexing, 16.2
Length, 16.3, 16.10
List initialization, 16.2
Passing, 16.4
Pop_back, 16.11
Push_back, 16.11
Reallocation, 16.10
Reserve, 16.11
Resize, 16.10, 16.11
Returning, 16.4
Shrinking, 16.10
Size, 16.3
Size_type, 16.3
Ssize, 16.3
Stack behavior, 16.11
Subscripting, 16.2

Verification

Input, see Input validation
Software, see Software, Verification

View, 5.9

Dangling, 5.9
string_view, see String_view

Void, 4.2

Pointer, see Pointer, Void
Return type, 2.3, 4.2

- W -

Warning, see Diagnostic, Warning
While, 8.8
Whitespace, 1.8
Ws, 5.7

- Z -

Zero Initialization, see Initialization, Zero