Type conversion Consider the following program: #include <iostream> void print(double x) // print takes an double parameter { std::cout << x; } int main() { print(5); // what happens when we pass an int value? return 0; } In the above example, the print() function has a parameter of type …
What is C++20? In February of 2020, the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) approved a new version of C++, called C++20. C++20 contains the most changes to the language since C++11. New improvements in C++20 For your interest, here’s a list of the major improvements that C++20 adds. Note that …
In the previous lesson (), we introduced function templates, and converted a normal max() function into a max<T> function template: template <typename T> T max(T x, T y) { return (x > y) ? x : y; } In this lesson, we’ll focus on how function templates are used. Function …
You made it! The topics in this chapter (particularly type aliases, overloaded functions, and function templates) appear everywhere in the C++ standard library. We’ve got one more chapter to go (introducing compound types), and then we’ll be ready to dig into some of the most useful pieces of the standard …
In lesson , we wrote a function template to calculate the maximum of two values: #include <iostream> template <typename T> T max(T x, T y) { return (x > y) ? x : y; } int main() { std::cout << max(1, 2) << ‘\n’; // will instantiate max(int, int) std::cout …
In the previous lesson (), we discussed which attributes of a function are used to differentiate overloaded functions from each other. If an overloaded function is not properly differentiated from the other overloads of the same name, then the compiler will issue a compile error. However, having a set of …
In the prior lesson (), we introduced the concept of function overloading, which allows us to create multiple functions with the same name, so long as each identically named function has different parameters (or the functions can be otherwise differentiated). In this lesson, we’ll talk about how overloaded functions are …
Consider the following program: int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; } When this function is compiled, the compiler will determine that x + y evaluates to an int, then ensure that type of the return value matches the declared return type of the function (or that …
In lesson , we discussed how expressions are evaluated according to the precedence and associativity of their operators. Consider the following expression: int x { 2 + 3 }; When binary operator+ is invoked, it is given two operands, both of type int. Because both operands are the same type, …
In the previous lesson (), we covered numeric promotions, which are conversions of specific narrower numeric types to wider numeric types (typically int or double) that can be processed efficiently. C++ supports another category of numeric type conversions, called , that cover additional type conversions not covered by the numeric …
